Table 2 Demographic data of the SARS-CoV-2 patients with colorectal cancer, stratified by treatment outcome (n = 69 studies), 2020–2021

All (n = 3362)

Survived (n = 2056)

Died (n = 731)

p-value^c

Age (years)

 < 60

126 (3.7)

1990 (86.8)

5 (0.7)

0.000*

 ≥ 60

1126 (33.5)

106 (5.1)

664 (90.8)

Gender

Female

236 (7.0)

151 (7.3)

17 (2.3)

0.000*

Male

2243 (66.7)

58 (2.8)

50 (6.8)

Ethnicity

White (Caucasian)

262 (7.8)

185 (9)

20 (2.7)

0.011*

Hispanic

156 (4.6)

69 (3.3)

31 (4.2)

Asian

153 (4.5)

117 (5.7)

37 (5.1)

Persian

72 (2.1)

71 (3.4)

1 (0.1)

Indian

65 (1.9)

12 (0.6)

0

Black^a

4 (0.12)

1 (0.05)

0

Arab

2 (0.06)

2 (0.1)

0

Source of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Community-acquired

2882 (85.7)

1932 (94)

647 (88.5)

0.014*

Hospital-acquired

480 (14.3)

124 (6)

84 (11.5)

Colorectal cancer staging

Stage I

524 (15.6)

134 (6.5)

4 (0.5)

0.036*

Stage II

507 (15.1)

51 (2.5)

2 (0.2)

Stage III

725 (21.6)

66 (3.2)

17 (2.3)

Stage IV

227 (6.7)

39 (1.9)

61 (8.3)

Treatment

Surgical resections

304 (9.0)

53 (2.6)

21 (2.9)

0.008*

Chemotherapies

187 (5.6)

111 (5.4)

39 (5.3)

Antibiotics

53 (1.6)

46 (2.2)

7 (0.9)

Antivirals

49 (1.4)

54 (2.6)

5 (0.7)

Colectomies

46 (1.4)

12 (0.6)

2 (0.3)

Monoclonal antibodies

43 (1.3)

26 (1.3)

1 (0.1)

Steroids

29 (0.9)

21 (1)

4 (0.5)

Surgeries (nonspecific)

24 (0.7)

19 (0.9)

3 (0.4)

Conservative (no treatment)

22 (0.6)

19 (0.9)

3 (0.4)

Targeted therapies

20 (0.6)

3 (0.1)

2 (0.3)

Immunotherapies

17 (0.5)

8 (0.4)

3 (0.4)

Radiotherapy

12 (0.3)

10 (0.5)

2 (0.3)

Stoma creation

10 (0.3)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

Immunoglobulin G

10 (0.3)

8 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

Hartmann’s procedure

9 (0.3)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

Sigmoidectomies

8 (0.2)

7 (0.3)

1 (0.1)

Hydroxychloroquine

6 (0.2)

5 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

Palliative treatment

5 (0.2)

4 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

Red blood cell transfusion

3 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

Ileostomy

3 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

0

Colostomy

3 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

0

Hormones

3 (0.1)

–

–

Stoma closure

2 (0.06)

2 (0.1)

0

Stents

2 (0.06)

–

–

Anastomosis

2 (0.06)

2 (0.1)

0

Antifungals

1 (0.02)

1 (0.05)

0

Tranexamic acid

1 (0.02)

1 (0.05)

0

Interferon beta-1b

1 (0.02)

1 (0.05)

0

Colonic decompression

1 (0.02)

1 (0.05)

0

Symptoms from the tumor

Change in bowel habits

26 (0.8)

10 (0.5)

7 (0.9)

0.048*

Diarrhoea

25 (0.7)

18 (0.9)

5 (0.7)

Abdominal pain

23 (0.7)

5 (0.2)

2 (0.3)

Nausea and vomiting

21 (0.6)

6 (0.3)

4 (0.5)

Anaemia (unexplained iron deficiency)

8 (0.2)

7 (0.3)

1 (0.1)

Haematochezia (blood per anus)

6 (0.2)

5 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

Weight loss

5 (0.05)

4 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

Blood per rectum

4 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.2)

Melena (black tarry stools)

3 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

Constipation

1 (0.03)

1 (0.05)

0

Comorbidities

Hypertension

68 (2)

51 (2.5)

14 (1.9)

0.027*

Diabetes mellitus

49 (1.4)

25 (1.2)

19 (2.6)

COPD

11 (0.3)

5 (0.2)

3 (0.4)

Coronary heart disease

11 (0.3)

6 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

Cerebrovascular disease

5 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

3 (0.4)

Chronic kidney disease

4 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

2 (0.3)

Chronic renal failure

3 (0.09)

–

2 (0.3)

Cardiovascular disease

3 (0.09)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

Morbid obesity

3 (0.09)

2 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

Heart failure

2 (0.06)

1 (0.05)

1 (0.1)

Acute ischemic stroke

2 (0.06)

0

2 (0.3)

Dyslipidemia

2 (0.06)

1 (0.05)

1 (0.1)

Hepatitis B virus

2 (0.06)

1 (0.05)

1 (0.1)

Hepatitis C virus

2 (0.06)

1 (0.05)

1 (0.1)

Lynch Syndrome

2 (0.06)

2 (0.1)

0

Congestive heart failure

2 (0.06)

0

2 (0.3)

Asthma

1 (0.03)

1 (0.05)

0

Cardiac arrest

1 (0.03)

1 (0.05)

0

Chronic anaemia

1 (0.03)

1 (0.05)

0

Diabetic ketoacidosis

1 (0.03)

1 (0.05)

0

Tuberculosis

1 (0.03)

0

1 (0.1)

Complications and treatment outcomes

Patient was admitted to ICU

153 (4.5)

7 (0.3)

96 (13.1)

0.000*

Patient was intubated and on mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay

51 (1.5)

3 (0.1)

47 (6.4)

0.000*

Patient experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome

36 (1.1)

1 (0.05)

29 (4)

0.000*