High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are present in benign prostate tissues before development of HPV associated prostate cancer

Table 2 Presence of high risk HPV L1 and E7 viral genes and HPV E7 protein in benign prostate and prostate cancer (same sets of patients)

	Benign prostate with subsequent prostate cancer	Prostate cancer	Difference in proportions between benign prostate and prostate cancer
HPV L1 gene	13/28 (46%)	8/28 (29%)	× ² = 1.231 df = 1 p = 0.267 (ns)
HPV E7 gene	23/28 (82%)	19/28 (70%)	× ² = 0.750 df = 1 p = 0.387 (ns)
HPV E7 protein	23/28 (82%)	8/28 (29%)	× ² = 11.529 df = 1 p = <0.001 (sig)

There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of HPV L1 and HPV E7 genes (as assessed by PCR) between prior benign prostate and later prostate cancer in the same patients. The differences in HPV E7 oncoprotein expression (as assessed by immunohistochemistry) were highly significant with much higher expression in the benign as compared to the later prostate cancer in the same patient
A two-tailed McNemar test was used to assess the statistical significances
× ² = chi-square, d.f = degree of freedom. Sig = significant, ns = not significant

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